Red Aler

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It's the time of the year again, where May showers certainly bring May flowers. But along with those come what most people try to avoid: allergies! The red eyes, sniffling, sneezing, and a nose that drips more than a leaky faucet. Luckily, there are many options to help tame the sniffles so you can relax and breathe a little better.

Antihistamines

How do they work? People who have sensitivities to allergens, such as pollen, dust, animal dander, kickstarts the body's immune system. Specific cells in the body called mast cells release chemical irritants called histamine when they are exposed to allergens. Histamine attaches to blood vessels and other receptors in the body, and this causes actions such as itchy red eyes, fluid secretion changes and the runny nose, redness, and possibly muscle spasm that may cause throat tightening. Antihistamine medications act by preventing histamines from attaching themselves to the body's cells so itchiness, watering, and swelling is reduced.

What should you know? Antihistamines come is forms of pills, gel tabs, liquid, eye drops, and nasal sprays, depending on a person's individual needs.

Visine-A has the active ingredient Pheniramine to help relieve itchy, red, watery eyes. It's safe to use for a few days, but quit use if you feel any pressure on the eyes and consult a doctor.

Diphenhydramine is an active ingredient in Benadryl, Aler-Tab, Chlor-Trimeton It is used to help relieve minor coughs, sneezing, airway irritation, and nasal drains from allergies. The main side effect is drowsiness, so don't drive or operate heavy or dangerous machinery if taking diphenhydramine. You may want to ask about non-sedating anti-histamines to avoid drowsiness.

Claritin's active ingredient is Loratidine, and also helps with allergy symptoms, but virtually doesn't cause drowsiness. Watch out for side effects such as headache, dry mouth, and upset stomach. Also note that certain drugs and supplements may have interactions with Claritin. St. John's Wart, for example, decreases it's effectiveness so discuss any drugs or supplements with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this medication.

Decongestants

How do they work? When histamines make their way in the bloodstream and attach to blood vessels, nasal tissues, and mucous membranes, they cause the blood vessels to swell. This causes feelings of congestion, stuffiness, and excess drainage. Decongestants act to decrease swelling by causing vessels to vasoconstrict (shrink), so that passageways are opened.

What should you know? Decongestants are usually used along with antihistamines because they work together synergistically. Decongestants also come in nasal sprays, liquid, and pill form. Note however, that nasal sprays should only be used short-term for a few days because long-term use can worsen symptoms.

Sudafed's active ingredient is Pseudophedrine and acts to vasoconstrict vessels in the lungs, mucus membranes, even the heart. Therefore, some people may feel their heart beat faster than normal when they take this medication. Elevations in blood pressure may also occur, due to its effects on blood vessels. Talk to your doctor if you are taking other drugs such as MAO Inhitbitors (monoamine oxidase inhibitors, usually found in anti-depressants), since interactions with these drugs may cause serious effects. Watch out for side effects such as headache, dizziness, and difficulty urinating.

Claritin-D and Zyrtec-D includes a decongestant along with an anti-histamine.

Afrin contains Oxymetazoline and is a nasal spray decongestant that acts to shrink swollen, irritated blood vessels. It works almost immediately since it goes straight to the source. People may experience a slight stinging, but because it doesn't travel through the bloodtream, people experience fewer adverse reactions. But it's important to know that it can only be used for up to three days, because it will end up irritating the nasal lining and cause rebound congestion from closure of the passages.

OTC Products

Sometimes simple solutions offer better results, and don't cause side effects because they don't contain any medications. Normal Saline, found in products such as Sinucleanse and Ocean, is a simple salt water solution that relieves allergy symptoms by loosening up dried mucus particles and encrustation. It can be used up to two weeks, since it may irritate the nasal passages. Artificial tears contain no medications and are used to lubricate dry, red, irritated eyes.

Allergy Shots

Also known as Immunotherapy, allergy shots work by gradually exposing the body to increasing levels of an allergen to help build tolerance. Each shot contains tiny amounts of allergic substance(s) that stimulate the immune system, but not enough to trigger a full-blown allergic reaction. Allergen doses are increased gradually over time so that the body becomes desensitized to it, and eventually allergic symptoms diminish.

With your allergies under control, go ahead and brave the outdoors! Take that walk in the park, bask in the sunshine, and smell the beautiful roses without fear of sniffling, sneezing, and stuffy nose.

Reference:

Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 10th Ed.

http://blog.beauty-goodies.com

ALDER Anus glutinosa-a USEFUL TREE

The common Alder tree Alnus glutinosa belongs to the genus Alnus the Latin name for the alder tree. the common name is thought to derive from the Anglo-Saxon alor or aler. In Europe it is often known as the black alder, while in the U.K. it is simply the common alder. Various species of this tree occur in north America they include the Mountain Alder, Alnus tenuifolia White Alder,Alnus rhombifolia and the Red Alder,A.rubra.

In Scandinavian mythology the alder is said to be the tree from which woman was created. Conversely in Ireland the mythology conveys to us that the tree created man. The Alder tree came under attack from  a fungal infection that destroyed many trees across Europe. It was first discovered in the U.K.,in the south of England during 1993. The fungi was thought to have been imported by way of introduced trees. The fungi belongs to the family Phytophthora which in days long ago caused the potato famine in Ireland. However, the reports of this disease seems to have diminished of late.

Alder has often been utilised as wind breaks. They are also employed by foresters to protect young more valuable timber saplings until they become established. Thus they are a good nurse crop.

The root of the alder tree contains nodules that are able to transfer nitrogen from the air into the ground which then become nutrient rich. The roots may sometimes be clearly seen in alder carrs in dry summer months when the water levels drop exposing the roots. The roots tend to have an orange colour making them almost unmistakeable. At first glance one can be forgiven for thinking that the roots are diseased, the bacteria is beneficial to the tree. Nitrogen helps the growth of stems, leaves, flowers and the seeds. Without nitrogen, growth  of plants become stunted and the foliage may well turn a sickly yellow colour long before autumn occurs. There are other plants capable of transferring nitrogen from the air into the ground, these include very common plants such as nettle and clovers.

The bark is a smooth grey at first, becoming darker and more scaly with age. The twigs are hairless and of a grey brown colour. The tree thrives in wet ground for example by lakes, ponds and boggy ground in general. They can achieve the height of 20-30 metres but are generally smaller than this. They are thought to mature at around 60 years of age, and their life span is around 150 years. The young twigs, leaf buds and the young unfurling leaves are sticky caused by a resinous substance which nature has deemed to protect them from insect damage. This fact gives rise to the species name of glutinosa {glutinous-sticky}.

The short stalked rounded leaves 6-12cm long are toothed. The leaves become a dark glossy green colour as the summer progresses. Because they are a tree of wet soils the leaves remain green well into the autumn. The flowers of the alder are wind pollinated catkins. male and female grow on the same tree. The male catkins that appear in late winter and early spring are cylindrical but linear about 10cm long and of a reddish yellow colour. So many of these male catkins may adorn the tree , that from a distance, they can appear to be in full leaf. They hang down like tasselled ear rings from every twig.  The female catkins are smaller being about 2cm long and are more tightly put together than the male catkins. reddish at first soon becoming green, and , during the summer months swell into the familiar barrel shaped cones. Indeed these cones make the alder an easy species to recognise for it is the only native British broad-leaved tree to produce cones all others that do so are coniferous such as pine or larch.

As the cones mature they become woody in nature and almost black in colour. The seeds contained inside the cones are much sought after by siskins and other finches during the winter months when seeds of other trees and plants are hard to locate. The seeds have a cork like outer layer that allow them to float in water, thus being carried away from their arboreal mothers to lodge in muddy banks where they will germinate.

The caterpillar of the alder moth is often associated with alder foliage, they are easily identified by their striking yellow and black segments. The Alder kitten moth may also be encountered, they too, are distinctive in their own way, being squat and angular with two whip-like tails.

The wood of the Alder is readily worked even when green. As the wood is worked it turns to a light orange colour which found  favour with carpenters and furniture makers. The green wood was employed in the making of whistles and the beautiful sounding Pan Pipes in days gone by. It was employed in the country cottage industry providing wood for spinning wheels. Because of its affinity  and great resistance to water the wood was utilised in the building of bridge supports and canal lock gates.  It is not however, used in the construction of houses. The high protein level it contains attracts the larvae of a beetle.  These larvae are commonly referred to as woodworm, indeed in days gone by, twigs of alder were placed in the drawers and chests of furniture made from more valuable wood such as oak to attract the wood worms to its protein, thus leaving the more valuable timber alone. These twigs were replaced at regular intervals. Alder was also employed in the tanning of leather.

Its medicinal uses have mainly become confined to the history books as far as home made medicinal remedies are concerned. It was considered to have a tonic and astringent properties. A decoction of the bark is useful to bathe swellings and inflammations, and was used as a gargle for sore throats. It has been stated that the heated leaves in a muslin bag is efficient at relieving the symptoms of rheumatism. Culpeper, the 17th century herbalist, recommended that the fresh leaves be placed under the feet of those galled by travelling. They were said to refresh and moisten the feet of people who had been walking all day.

About the Author

Were can I but yuris revenge, Or red aler 3? Are they the same thing?

For the computer

Yuri's Revenge is the expansion pack for Red Alert 2.

You might want to try online at amazon.com

Fleming steals show at Ravinia birthday bash
The onset of tendonitis in his right shoulder on the eve of his weekend appearances at Ravinia put a damper on the festival's celebration of Christoph Eschenbach's 70th birthday. Fortunately, the condition sidelined him only from the piano bench. The German conductor took the podium as scheduled for concerts with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra on Saturday and Sunday.

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