Color Atari

Here are some more information for Color Atari:

Over the course of the NES active history, Nintendo influenced the videogame industry and the video game developers in a manner that most of today's developer would prefer to forget about. To encourage the involvement of third-party developers, Nintendo developed the NES Seal of Quality system. How did it work? Hang on and we'll check it out.

The security

Nintendo had a complete monopoly over the physical production of the cartridges. They placed an authentication chip into every console (the 10NES authentication chip), and another one was placed into every officially licensed cartridge that would bear the "Official NES Seal of quality". The game wouldn't load if the console didn't recognise the authentication chip inside the cart.

This would allow Nintendo to enforce really strict rules on their third party developers, starting with production runs of their games in the numbers Nintendo would judge appropriate. This had a big impact on many developers since, no matter how high the demand would be for their game, they were limited in the production that Nintendo would allow them to put out, so it was in fact Nintendo who decided how much profit they would allow the developer to make with this physical restriction.

Breach of security

It wouldn't take long before some shady companies wanted to break away from this security feature. The pirate market overseas was huge. Multicarts were everywhere, and some developers in America wanted to break free of the "seal of quality" mold. A company called Color Dreams figured out how to bypass the lockout chip in 1989; by sending a voltage spike from the cart to disable the lockout chip. Color Dreams produced a few games and through a legal loophole (by bypassing the chip, they weren't infringing copyrights on the Nintendo Patent) were allowed to do so. However, Nintendo was silently threatening retailers to not carry the Color Dreams games, and they succeeded. Color Dreams changed their name to Wisdom Tree and started production of religion-themed games as a sting to Nintendo's morality of ruling the game production market.

Other pirate companies at that time used a dongle that would connect to a licensed game with the chip to use it for the authentication process with the 10NES. Many import pirate games worked this way in America.

Tengen, the renegade

Tengen, an Atari company, was the only official licensee to defect Nintendo. Since they didn't want to risk being liable for damage to NES consoles via the volt spike method, they managed to get access to the lockout chip patent and they were able to replicate it in their own format : the Rabbit chip. Nintendo sued Tengen for copyright infringement and they won, however the claims against Nintendo from Tengen for antitrust were never decided to this day.

You're either with us, or against us

Nintendo also had a strict 3rd party developers policy for many years; if you developed a game for Nintendo, you only developed games for Nintendo. This policy was a killer for most companies who tried to break or shake up the Nintendo monopoly in America. It was the case of the Sega Master System who never really took off in America while enjoying quite a popularity overseas, even surpassing the NES.

They also had a strict censoring policy for games they released in America under their licensed seal. They censored all contents for U.S. releases, removing all questionable words or adult and semi-adult content. This was alienating for many game developers at the time.

When Nintendo finally eased up their policies due to government pressure and the fact that developers were starting to defect to competitors, the market opened a bit again and other companies had a chance to take a fair share of the pie with their systems. When the NES console was reissued as the NES 2 in the 90s, the 10NES chip was removed from the console, marking the end of the tightest hold ever known over third-party developers in all the history of video games.

Thankfully, no other video game company ever tried again to hold such a tight grip on the development of video games for their system, and we're now able to enjoy masterpieces on any videogame system of our choice.

The Nintendo NES is still quite a popular video game system, even if it's only for the fact that it was only this system that Americans could enjoy to play video game for years, thus making the nostalgia element pretty high in a high percentage of the American population who enjoy video games. A lot of NES games can still be found in Video games shop, mostly on the web where Video Games specialised web shop exists for retro games, and a lot of info about where to find such games is available on many web sites, including http://nintendo-entertainment-system.videogames-for-sale.com

Scripophily - The Gift of History

SCRIPOPHILY (scrip-af-il-ly), the collecting of canceled old stocks and bonds, gained recognition as a hobby around the mid-1970s. The word resulted combining words from English and Greek. The word "scrip" represents an ownership right and the word "philos" means to love. Today there are thousands of collectors worldwide in search of scarce, rare, and popular stocks and bonds. Collectors who come from the a variety of businesses enjoy this as a hobby, although there are many who consider Scripophily an good investment. In fact, over the past several years, this hobby has exploded.

Modern Dot companies and Scandals have been particularly popular. Many collectors like the historical significance of certificates. Others prefer the beauty of older stocks and bonds that were printed in various colors with fancy artwork with ornate engraving. Many autograph collectors are found in this field, looking for signed certificates of famous people like John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil Company, Franklin Fire Insurance Company signed by famed economist Henry Carey issued in 1836, Ringling Bros. Barnum & Bailey Circus, Atari Corporation, Eastern Air Lines with Captain Eddie Rickenbacker as President, Certificate signed by George Bush's Great Grandfather Samuel Prescott Bush, Broadband.com, Tucker Corporation and many others. As many certificates become harder to find, Scripophily is an exciting hobby with lots of challenges and potential. Since the hobby is relatively new (around 20 years), it prices are still very reasonable.

Where can you find a 100 year old piece of history with a an excellent engraving for under $40? Fortunately, the hobby hasn't hit the boiler room call centers yet! There are many reasons that contribute to the success of this hobby.

First of all, it is a worldwide collectible since almost all countries of the world have issued stocks and/or bonds through their governments or businesses. Each certificate is a different piece of history. It describes the company, the type of instrument (usually stock or bond), the year, signatures of officers or officials, who it was issued to, the printer, due date for bonds, and much much more. Many of the certificates have pictures or vignettes showing anything from cars to trains to Indians to leaders to nothing at all.

Due to the computer age, more and more stock and bonds are issued electronically which means fewer paper certificates are issued as a percentage of actual stock issued. During the past several years, the Internet has played a major role in the awareness of the hobby. We have been able to display and sell thousands of items from our inventory on our shopping cart at Scripophily.net. Our customers come from all over the world. We started in 1996 with a selection of 50 certificates and now have over 15,000. Without the Internet, this would not have been possible

The hobby of Scripophily is one of the most fascinating areas of financial history. Over the years there have been millions of companies which needed to raise money for their businesses. In order to do so, the founders of these companies issued securities. Generally speaking, they either issued an equity security in the form of stock or a debt security in the form of a bond. However, there are many variations of equity and debt instruments. The can be Common Stock, Preferred Stocks, Warrants, Cumulative Preferred, Bonds, Zero coupon bonds, Long Term Bonds (over 400 years) and any combination thereof. Just as each company is different, each certificate is different as well.

The color, paper, signatures, images, dates, stamps, cancellations, borders, industry, Stock Broker, name of company, transfer agent, printer, holder name all add to the uniqueness of the hobby. Each company needed to raise money to get into business. Each company had their own story as to how they did it. These certificates give us a piece of that story.

Some of the companies became major success stories. Some the companies were acquired and merged into other companies. Some of the companies and industries were successes for of time, but were replaced by improvements in technologies. The railroads are a good example of this. Most the companies, however, never made it and the certificates became worthless pieces of paper....until the hobby of Scripophily came along!

There were many bubbles that came and went. The mining boom in the 1850's, the railroad build out beginning in the 1830's, Oil Boom beginning in the 1870's, Telegraph beginning in the 1850's, Automobile Industry beginning at the turn of the 20th, Century, Aviation beginning around 1910 after the Wright Brothers, Electric Power Industry in the 1930's, Airline Wars and Takeovers beginning in the 1970's, Cellular Telephones beginning in the mid 1980's, Banks in the 1930's, Saving's and Loans in the 1970's, Long Distance Telephone Service in the 1990's, and most recently the Dot Com rags to riches to rags chapter.

There are many factors that determine value of a certificate including condition, age, historical significance, signatures, rarity, demand for item, aesthetics, type of company, original face value, bankers associated with issuance, transfer stamps, cancellation markings, issued or unissued, printers, and type of engraving process.

Condition - The grading scale that could be used in stocks and bonds is shown below. Generally speaking, however, the grading is not used in the hobby as strictly as it is in coins and stamps. Most people acquire certificates for the artwork and history. Fortunately, the hobby has not made it to the slabs yet.

Uncirculated - Looks like new, no abnormal markings or folds, no staples, clean signature and no stains

Extremely Fine - Slight traces of wear

Very Fine - Minor traces of wear Fine - Creased with clear signs of use and wear

Fair- Strong signs of use and wear

Poor- Some damage with heavy signs of wear and staining Age - Usually the older the more valuable, but not always.

Historical significance - What product did the company produce? Was it the first car, airplane, cotton gin, etc. Did the company make it? Was it a fraud? What era was the item issued i.e. during a war, depression, industrial revolution?

Signatures - Did anyone famous or infamous sign the certificate? Certificate Owners Name - Was the certificate issued to anyone famous or a famous company?

Rarity - How many of the certificates were issued? How many survived over the years? Is the certificate a low number?

Demand for item - How many people are trying to collect the same certificate? Aesthetics - How does the certificate look? What is in the vignette? What color of ink was used. Does it have fancy borders or writing on it?

Type of company - What type of company was it issued for? Does the industry still exist? Has the industry changed a lot over the years?

Original Face Value - How much was the stock or bond issued for? Usually, the larger the original face value, the more collectible it is.

Bankers associated with issuance - Who worked on the fund raising efforts? Was it someone famous or a famous bank? Is the bank still in existence? - Who worked on the fund raising efforts? Was it someone famous or a famous bank? Is the bank still in existence?

Transfer stamps - Does the certificate have tax stamps on it - imprinted or attached? Are the stamps valuable or unusual? Cancellation markings - Are the cancellation markings interesting to the item. Do they detract or add to its history and looks? Issued or unissued - Was the item issued or unissued.

Was the certificate a printer's prototype usually stamped with the words specimen? Usually the issued certificates are more valuable and desired.

Printers - Who printed the certificate? Was it a famous printer? Type of engraving process - How was the certificate made? By hand? By Wood engraving? Steel Engraving? Lithograph? Preprinted Form?

Paper - Was the paper use in the printing High Quality or low quality. Has it help up over time? Does it have a watermark used to prevent counterfeiting?

As you can see, Scripophily is more than just collecting another piece of paper. It is collecting history. It is something everyone from all ages and all parts of the world can enjoy. The more you see, the more you collect, the more you appreciate that stocks and bonds were the monetary fabric that built the world as we know it today. Bob Kerstein is the founder of  Scripophily.com and has been active in collecting stock and bond certificates since 1990.

We hope you enjoy this hobby as much as we do! It's not just a job for us, it's an adventure in financial history!

About the Author

Bob Kerstein (Bob.com) is the Founder and C.E.O. of Scripophily.com L.L.C. Bob has been a Certified Public Accountant since 1978 although he has been out of Public Practice for many years. He had worked as a Chief Financial Officer and in other capacities for both Public and non Publicly held companies prior to founding Scripophily.com and Old Company Research. He has more than 20 years experience in the communications and entertainment industries including Cellular, Satellite Communications, Internet Development, Cable TV, Motion Pictures and Professional Sports. Senior positions held by Kerstein include Cellular Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President at McCaw Cellular Corporation (Now AT&T Wireless), Chief Financial Officer at American Mobile Satellite Corporation, Chief Financial Officer at Falcon Cable TV, Director of Financial Reporting at Warner Brothers and Chief Information Officer at Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment (owners of the Vancouver Canucks and Grizzlies).

Bob is a Member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, International Bond and Share Society and the Washington Historical and Autograph Certificate Organization.

What's your oldest Atari/Nintendo Color game in your collection?

The original Super Mario Bros. On the NES

I wanted to get an NES and it came with SMB, SMB 3, Terminator 2 and a Spiderman Game

So yeah, but if you want a handheld game its going to be Pokemon Blue

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